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11suganai,&ldo;japan&rso;sentrytoternationalciety,&rdo;186–89
12&ldo;presidentillardfilloretotheeperorofjapan(presentedbyodoreperryonjuly14,1853),francishawksandatthewperry,narrativeoftheexpeditionofanaricansadrontothechaseasandjapan,perfordtheyears1852,1853,and1854,undertheandofodorecperry,unitedstatesnavy,byorderofthegovernntoftheunitedstates(washgton,dc:aopnicholn,1856),256–57
13translationofthejapanesereplytopresidentfillore&rso;sletter,ibid,349–50
14iji插rteroath,japanesegovernntdocunts,edwwclaren(bethesda,d:universitypublicationsofarica,1979),8
15japaneseorandudeliveredtothearicansecretaryofstaterdellhull,deceber7,1941,asotedpyle,japanrisg,207
16see,forexaple,yasuhironakane,&ldo;acriticalviewoftheposarnstitution&rdo;(1953),urcesofjapanesetradition,edwtheodoredebary,carolgck,andarthuretiedeann(newyork:biauniversitypress,2005),2:1088–89中曾根这篇讲话是在哈佛大学的国际研讨会上做的,开办研讨会是为使世界各国的年轻领导人接触了解美国的学术环境。中曾根论称,为了&ldo;加速日本与美国永久友谊的发展&rdo;,日本的独立防卫能力应当加强,与美国的伙伴关系应更加平等。30年后中曾根成为日本首相,卓有成效地推动了这方面的政策,并得到了美国总统里根的支持。
17nationalsecuritystrategy(provisionaltranslation)(tokyo:istryofforeignaffairs,deceber17,2013),1–3thedocunt,adoptedbyjapan&rso;scabet,statedthatitsprciples&ldo;willguidejapan&rso;snationalsecuritypolicyoverthenextdecade&rdo;
18sradhakrishnan,&ldo;hduis,&rdo;aculturalhistoryofdia,edalbasha(newdelhi:oxforduniversitypress,1997),60–82
19葡萄牙探险家瓦斯科&iddot;达&iddot;伽马就是这样对卡利卡特的国王解释的(卡利卡特是今天印度的科泽科德,当时是全球香料贸易的中心之一)。达&iddot;伽马和手下的船员因为有机会在印度兴旺的香料和宝石贸易中分一杯羹而兴奋欣喜。他们也受了关于&ldo;普莱斯特&iddot;约翰&rdo;的消失的王国这一传说的影响。许多中世纪和近代早期的欧洲人相信,普莱斯特&iddot;约翰是一位强大的基督徒国王,住在非洲或亚洲。seedanielboorst,thedisverers(newyork:vtabooks,1985),104–6,176–77
20thebhagavadgita,transeknatheaswaran(toales,calif:nilgiripress,2007),82–91;aartyasen,thearguntativedian:writgsondianhistory,culture,andidentity(newyork:picador,2005),3–6
21seepye,asianpowerandpolitics,137–41
22kautilya,arthashastra,translnrangarajan(newdelhi:pengubooksdia,1992),6235–37,p525
23ibid,911,p588prsia&rso;sfrederickthegreat,ontheeveofhisseizureofthewealthyatrianprovceofsilesiaroughlyothoandyearslater,adeasiilarassessntsee插pter1
24ibid,6239–40,p526
25ibid,9121,p589
26ibid,7614,15,p544
27seerorboesche,thefirstgreatpoliticalrealist:kautilyaandhis&ldo;arthashastra&rdo;(lanha,d:le性tonbooks,2002),46;kautilya,arthashastra,71343,7216,911–16,pp526,538,588–89
28按照考底利耶的观念,征服四海的统治者的王国是&ldo;北起喜马拉雅山,南至大海,自东到西1000由旬(yojana,古印度长度单位,约相当于112公里)的地方&rdo;‐‐等于现代的巴基斯坦、印度和孟加拉国的领土之和。kautilya,arthashastra,9117,p589
29seeboesche,firstgreatpoliticalrealist,38–42,51–54,88–89
30axweber,&ldo;politicsasavocation,&rdo;asotedibid,7
31当时,阿育王因宣扬佛教和非暴力而受到崇敬,但他完成了征服大业之后才采纳了这些理念,用它们来加强他的统治。
32robertkaplan,therevenofography:whattheaptellsaboutgnflictsandthebattleagastfate(newyork:randohoe,2012),237
33johnrobertseeley,theexpansionofengland:oursesoflectures(london:aillan,1891),8
34sirjohnstrachey,dia(london:kegan,paul,trench,1888),asotedraa插ndraguha,diaaftergandhi:thehistoryoftheworld&rso;slarstdeocracy(newyork:eo,2007),3
35jawaharlalnehru,&ldo;dia&rso;sforeignpolicy&rdo;(speechdeliveredatthenstituentassebly,newdelhi,deceber4,1947),dependenceandafter:allectionofspeeches,1946–1949(newyork:johnday,1950),204–5
36asotedbaldevrajnayarandtvpaul,diatheworldorder:searchgforajor-powerstat(newyork:cabriduniversitypress,2003),124–25
37asotedibid,125
38jawaharlalnehru,&ldo;speechtothebandungnferencepoliticalittee&rdo;(1955),asprtedgkah,theasian-africannference(ithaca,ny:rnelluniversitypress,1956),70
39&ldo;agreent(withex插nofnotes)ontradeandterursebeeentibetregionofchaanddia,signedatpekg,on29april1954,&rdo;unitednationstreatyseries,vol299(1958),70
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